Система Orphus

Symptoms of disease - violation of the repolarization

The repolarization - phase, during which the restored original resting potential membrane of the nerve cell after passing through it, the nerve impulse. During the passage of the nerve impulse is to temporarily change the molecular structure of the membrane, as a result of which ions can freely pass through it. During the repolarization of Jonah diffuse in the reverse direction for the restoration of the former electric charge of the membrane, after which the nerve is ready for further transfer by him of the pulses.



Which diseases there is violation of the repolarization

The teeth of the electrocardiogram, their duration and intervals between them. In clinical conditions ECG record on specially lined paper, which allows you to quickly measure the standard time intervals and the voltage of the tines. The line of time intervals are at a distance of 1 mm from each other, every fifth line is highlighted in thickness. The standard speed of the paper is 25 mm/s. Thus, the distance of 1 mm runs for 0,04 with (thin line), and the distance 5 mm the 0,20 with (thick line). Horizontal lines are also located at a distance of 1 mm from each other. This allows you to calibrate the voltage deviations from the contour lines. It is considered that 10 mm vertical correspond to 1 mV.
The first tooth, the corresponding change of the electrical activity during the cardiac cycle, is a prong R. It reflects the depolarization fibrillation. Depolarization of ventricular infarction is presented in the form of a set of QRS. The prong Q is the first negative tooth complex, the R-wave - the first positive tooth complex. It is also called positive after zubza Q. The prong S - a negative wave after wave R. If in the complex micro-wave Q returns to the original level, not accompanied by positive notch R, then such a complex called the QS-complex. QRS complex may contain several teeth R. In this case, re-prong R denote R. Peak T reflects repolarization infarction myocardium. Sometimes it is followed by a small tooth U, the mechanism of occurrence of which remains unclear. Repolarization muscles fibrillation is manifested tooth That (or TP). See it is usually difficult, as it almost always is superimposed on the interval of the P and the QRS complex. The interval between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of detection is known under the name of ST segment. Segment ST reflect the period of time between depolarization ventricles and quick repolarization infarction myocardium.

The interval between tooth P and the QRS complex, or interval P-Q, reflects the length of time between the beginning of depolarization fibrillation (R) and the beginning of the ventricular depolarization (R or Q). Its duration in adults ranges from 0.12 to 0.20. Since the activation of the intra-auricular node occurs shortly before the end of the depolarization of the Atria, the value of the interval R-R can be used as an indicator, approximately reflects the atrioventricular conduction.

The duration of the QRS complex (from 0.04-0.10 sec) corresponds to the time required for the depolarization of the myocardium of the ventricles. It may be a little increase in regional blockade, affecting part of the intraventricular specific conducting tissue, or to a slowing conduction in any division ventricular muscle. To a much greater extent increases the duration of a micro violation of conductivity at the level of branch of beam Guisa. Approximate idea of refractory period of the ventricles can be obtained by measuring the interval Q-T: from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of detection. The value of the interval Q-T depends on the frequency of cardiac contractions and may significantly change under the influence of many pathophysiological or pharmacological factors.

Violation of the ventricular repolarization: segment ST, the teeth of the T and U.

The norm on the electrocardiogram segment ST iso-electric and has the same potential as the interval between the tooth T and followed by a notch R. Deviations ST segment from the contour lines arise as a result of damage to the heart muscles, violations of the synchronicity of the depolarization of the myocardium of the ventricles, as well as under the influence of pharmacological preparations and the change elektrolitnogo balance. Elevatsiya ST-segment, combining with the displacement of up point at which the segment ST departs from the QRS complex, the so-called point j, can be a variant of the norm, especially among younger people. The most frequent causes of pathological ST segment elevation serve as myocardial infarction and pericarditis. In connection with this it is necessary to differentiate its normal and pathological elevation. Horizontal depression of the ST segment or smooth its transition to a negative peak T arise due to myocardial ischemia, a heavy load on the ventricle, the changes in the nature of ventricular depolarization or as a result of receiving pharmacological preparations.

Since the depolarization of ventricular infarction is distributed in the direction of the endocardium to epicardium, and the repolarization is an electric current, the return of depolarization, it would be possible to expect, that the direction of detection will be the opposite of the orientation of the QRS complex, if the sequence of repolarization was the same as the depolarization. However, the peak detection is usually focused in the same direction as the main prong set of QRS. In this connection it is considered, that the direction of the normal repolarization back edge of depolarization - from epicardium to endocarditis. Peak T is considered pathological, if the voltage is small, he flattened or inverted in the lead, in which he usually has a normal height, or on the contrary, if the peak T excessively high and jagged. In vector interpretation of inversion zubza T evident increase of the angle between the vector of the QRS complex and vector detection.

Among the most common causes of violations of the processes repolarization include:
- ischemic heart disease,
- hypertrophy and overvoltage infarction myocardium,
- violations of the order of depolarization,
- elektrolitny imbalance
- pharmacological impact.
However, violation of the repolarization are nonspecific.

It should be said that violations of the processes repolarization in adolescents in recent years began to meet more often. What is the reason for this, at the present time it is difficult to say. In addition, not accumulated still of sufficient data concerning the long-dynamic observation for such adolescents. At the same time, there may be cases, when a fairly expressed violations of the cardiac repolarization the teenager took place from 7-8 years of age, sometimes with positive changes in the ECG without special treatment.

The differential-diagnostic significance are the samples with chloride of potassium, anaprilin. The positive dynamics of ECG shows the functional (exchange) Genesis of the process of repolarization. Adolescents with such abnormalities should be examined in the hospital with the use of complex treatment (cortico tropic hormone, panangin, anaprilin, and cocarboxylase, vitamins, etc.) with the mandatory surveillance.

To what doctors consult, if there is a violation of the repolarization:
Cardiologist
violation of the ventricular repolarization -
Repolarization - ventricular repolarization () - phase, during which the restored original resting potential membrane of the nerve cell after passing through it, the nerve impulse.

During the passage of the nerve impulse is to temporarily change the molecular structure of the membrane, as a result of which ions can freely pass through it.


When no disease occurs violation of the ventricular repolarization:



Syndrome early repolarization (SRR) of the ventricles is a frequent electrocardiograph (ECG) phenomenon, observed at 1-5% of people in the General population, often in men, young athletes and people with dark skin.

Syndrome early repolarization of the ventricles (the syndrome of premature ventricular repolarization, Wolff Parkinson White syndrome) - a special change of the electrocardiogram in the result of the premature repolarization subepicardial areas of the myocardium.

Is a relatively infrequent variant of the norm. Often it is detected in young men of African origin.

The causes of the syndrome early repolarization associated with congenital features of the electrophysiological properties of the heart. Rarely seen in patients with the acquired changes electrophysiological properties of the heart.

Syndrome early repolarization of the ventricles can simulate electrocardiographic signs of acute coronary syndrome.



Which doctor should I contact if there is a violation of the repolarization

  • Cardiologist
  • Arrhythmologist


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